Sterile pyuria (무균성 농뇨)

Sterile pyuria (무균성 농뇨)

< 출처 : N Engl J Med 2015;372:1048-54. >

Pyuria is defined as the presence of 10 or more white cells per cubic millimeter in a urine specimen, 3 or more white cells per high-power field of unspun urine, a positive result on Gram’s staining of an unspun urine specimen, or a urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase. Sterile pyuria is the persistent finding of white cells in the urine in the absence of bacteria, as determined by means of aerobic laboratory techniques (on a 5% sheepblood agar plate and MacConkey agar plate). (무균성 농뇨는 세균이 배양되지 않는데도 지속적으로 소변에 백혈구가 보이는 상태를 의미한다.)

무균성 농뇨가 발생할 수 있는 몇 가지 원인이 있다.

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

HSV-2, HPV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, mycoplasma, and trichomoniasis

  - Gonorrhea and Chlamydia

  - Genital Herpes and Herpes Zoster

  - HPV and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

2. Other Viral Infections

Viral infections such as adenovirus,21 BK polyomavirus, and cytomegalovirus

3. Genitourinary Tuberculosis

4. Fungal Infections

Candida infections are a common source of urosepsis in hospitalized patients, especially those who are immunocompromised.

Candida albicans is the most prevalent species; however, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and other candida species can also cause infection.

5. Parasitic Infections

Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common human parasitic infections in the United States and the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection.

An estimated 119 million people in the world are infected with Schistosoma haematobium.Radiographic studies may show calcification of the bladder wall or ureter

6. Inflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions

Kawasaki’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus

In addition, analgesic nephropathy can cause sterile pyuria in association with chronic interstitial nephritis and renal papillary necrosis.

7. Inflammation outside the Urinary Tract and Other Urologic Conditions

One study involving 210 patients who were hospitalized for infections outside the urinary tract (e.g., pneumonia, bacterial septicemia, intraabdominal infection, enteritis, and female genital tract infections) identified 31 patients (15%) with sterile pyuria.3 In addition, pyuria may be associated with radiation cystitis, urinary stones, foreign bodies, stents, transvaginal mesh, urinary fistulae, polycystic kidney disease, renal-transplant rejection, and intrinsic renal disease.

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* 무균성 농뇨 환자의 접근 방법

* 무균성 농뇨 환자의 원인별 진단과 치료

끝.

2018. 7. 15 - SJH